- tracking - pursuit, subjective
- point of view shots - watching, voyeurism (pleasure of watching), immediacy
- extreme/ close ups - concealment, expressions (fear, anxiety- audience share in the characters dilemma)
- reveals (tracking or zooming out to reveal detail)
- close ups (audience thinking about what is outside of the frame)
- diamatic angles & framing (dutch tilt) - put audience on edge, unease through strong diagonals
- cross cuts
- eerie, tense or discordant music, often builds in tempo, volume or pitch
- off screen sounds - concealment, audience imagination
- low key lighting & shadows
- strong directional lighting (chiaroscuro - high contrast)
- over exposed or other colour/ effect to signify flashbacks/ dreams
- lots of cutting on tension
- editing pace changes for chases, building to climax
Narrative
- plot twists & turns - complex, makes audience work
- cross cutting - suspense & tension
- flashbacks - dark past
- narrative retardation - vital info withheld
- red herrings - deliberately misleading audience
- chases/ pursuits
- mysterious characters (shady past, duplicatous, unsure of intentions, keeping audiences guessing)
- principle of concealment (leaves it to the audiences imagination)
- deadlines (bomb ticker, randson demands...)
- morally complex characters (more grey areas)
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